Seven caves harboured obligate subterranean species Bayliss Cave harboured the most obligate subterranean species: 23 troglobionts and one stygobiont. Thirty troglobionts and one stygobiont species were recorded. Sixteen species have been taxonomically described 30 identified to genus and/or morpho-species and 32 remain unidentified to species or genus level. Minimally, 78 species of arthropods have been recorded from 17 lava tube caves in the Undara Basalt. The updated species list was compiled from the published literature and museum databases. It is therefore timely to update the list of Undara cave fauna, and to evaluate the Undara cave system in relation to other subterranean hotspots in Australia. Over the last decades, several of the Undara species have been taxonomically described and a great deal of research has been undertaken in other parts of Australia, which has revealed additional subterranean hotspots. The lava tubes at Undara became internationally recognised in the late 1980s, when 24 species of terrestrial cave-adapted invertebrates (troglobionts) were recorded from Bayliss Cave, making it one of the 20 richest known cave communities in the world at the time.
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